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Source or Target?
Autor vlákna: Matthew Holway
Tim Drayton (X)
Tim Drayton (X)  Identity Verified
Kypr
Local time: 15:36
turečtina -> angličtina
+ ...
The case for other pricing strategies Nov 3, 2007

efreitag wrote:

Henry Hinds wrote:


I guess many of us use source or target depending on the languages and type of material involved, and there are some languages (Turkish was mentioned and German is another) where the difference in word count with another language can be quite significant, thus requiring other pricing strategies.


Dear Henry,

I can't quite see why a difference in word count would lead to a different pricing strategy. Imho, the question of whether to charge per source or target word is not a question of the individual languages involved. Instead, the rate for a specific language direction should reflect differences in word count. If translating from language A to language B expands the text by 30%, and my source word rate is X, than my target word rate in this language direction should be approx. 77% of X.

Just my 2 cents
Erik


In theory you are absolutely right. If 1000 words of Turkish is likely to end up as 1700 words of English, and a particular translator has a rate of, say, 10 cents per target word, then this translator will earn 170 dollars for the assignment. So just quote a rate of 17 cents per source word, and bingo you have solved the problem: the translator gets exactly the same amount of money. Things, unfortunately, aren't that simple. Human psychology comes into play, and clients perceive 17 cents per word to be much more expensive than 10 cents per word, especially if they compare it to what they are used to paying per source word in other languages they deal with. They also tend to think that you are exaggerating about the amount of expansion likely to take place. I can say from experience that whenever a potential client has insisted on a rate per source word for translation from Turkish into English and I have quoted a rate that takes expansion into account, nine times out of ten the client rejects it as being too expensive. It is like one of those optical illusions in which two lines are actually the same length, but one of them looks longer than the other. Ten cents target may in fact equal seventeen cents source, but the latter sounds much more expensive.

Unfortunately, there are further complications. Things like relative pronouns and conjunctions are embedded as suffixes into forms derived from verbs (e.g. gör=see + dük=makes passive participle + üm=first person singular ending gives you the form (with a phonetic change that takes place when the suffixes fuse together) gördüğüm = which I saw, or you can add the locative suffix "de" to get gördüğümde "when I saw (it)". As a consequence of this, the more complex the source text gets and specifically the more clauses there are per sentence, the greater the amount of expansion that occurs. I once translated some very simple e-mails from Turkish into English which contained very short, single-clause sentences and the amount of expansion was only about ten percent. It would have been blatantly unfair in this case to have charged a rate based on an assumed 66% expansion in the word count. I believe that in the Turkish to English pair the target word count provides an accurate reflection of the amount of work involved in a translation, whereas the source count does not. It may be hard for people working in Western European language pairs, where both languages have a comparable structure to comprehend this, but this is what experience has taught me.

I would be curious to know how things work when translating from other non-European languages into English. Are there similar issues in other language pairs?

The simple fact is that there is far less variation in the character count between the Turkish source text and the English target text, and I think there is a strong case for using a character-based measure of volume in this particular pair. Translation agencies in Turkey usually work on a 1000 character basis, but I think this is a bit of a blunt instrument. As I understand it, you get paid 50% more for translating a text with 2001 characters than for one with 1999 characters. Obviously it would be very clumsy to deal with individual characters. In my view, the German 55-character Normzeile hits the nail on the head, and I think it is the best and fairest measure to use in this pair.


 
Marc P (X)
Marc P (X)  Identity Verified
Local time: 14:36
němčina -> angličtina
+ ...
A couple of points Nov 3, 2007

1. The whole notion of selling translation by weight is flawed. The effort required to translate ten words can vary hugely depending upon a number of factors, of which the relative expansion between a given language pair is only one. The word (or character, or multiples of them) has proved to be a practical billing unit, but it remains practical only as long as the parties involved recognize that it is a flawed system, and that the actual numbers have to be considered on a case-by-case basis. An... See more
1. The whole notion of selling translation by weight is flawed. The effort required to translate ten words can vary hugely depending upon a number of factors, of which the relative expansion between a given language pair is only one. The word (or character, or multiples of them) has proved to be a practical billing unit, but it remains practical only as long as the parties involved recognize that it is a flawed system, and that the actual numbers have to be considered on a case-by-case basis. Anyone who thinks that x amount of words automatically equals y amount of effort should be selling sausages, not translation services.

2. In theory, billing by the quantity of source text enables the customer to know in advance what he is going to pay. But in that case, why mention the number of words at all? The translator can, after reviewing the text and estimating the time and effort involved, offer an all-inclusive price which takes into account not only the volume and the language pair, but also the level of difficulty of the text. Not mentioning the number of words would help to dispel the myth that x amount of words automatically equals y amount of effort, and banish the silly conclusions which follow from this assumption, such as that "she ate 4 apples" somehow involves less effort to translate than "she ate four apples".

3. The suggestion that charging by source volume prevents translators from being verbose in order to bump up the price is, frankly, an insult to the profession, and the fact that it does not prompt an outcry here confirms my view that this venue cannot be described as a professional site. My electrician, plumber and solicitor all charge by the hour, but I cannot imagine anyone suggesting, at an online venue for electricians, plumbers or solicitors, that charging by the hour allows them to work more slowly in order to earn more, and that they should therefore charge by the number of hand movements instead. Customers must be able to trust their translators, and it's a sorry state of affairs if they can't even have that much confidence in them.

4. Tim has explained the issue of expansion between different languages very eloquently. In fact, I think Tim is at an advantage in translating from Turkish, since the agglutinative structure of Turkish makes an expansion in the word count of 70% easier to explain. Technical German to English can easily result in an expansion of 20%, but that relatively low figure and the linguistic closeness of the two languages makes it much harder to explain to a customer why the per-word price should be in the order of 20% higher than for the opposite direction. Although I agree with Tim that character-based counts reduce this discrepancy considerably (and almost all my work is billed by the target character), it could equally be argued that the blatant flaws in the per-word system actually make it easier to explain, to customers and colleagues, the inherent flaws of a volume-based system, and to establish more case-specific pricing strategies.

Marc
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Tim Drayton (X)
Tim Drayton (X)  Identity Verified
Kypr
Local time: 15:36
turečtina -> angličtina
+ ...
I agree 100% Nov 3, 2007

Marc P wrote:

1. The whole notion of selling translation by weight is flawed. The effort required to translate ten words can vary hugely depending upon a number of factors, of which the relative expansion between a given language pair is only one. The word (or character, or multiples of them) has proved to be a practical billing unit, but it remains practical only as long as the parties involved recognize that it is a flawed system, and that the actual numbers have to be considered on a case-by-case basis. Anyone who thinks that x amount of words automatically equals y amount of effort should be selling sausages, not translation services.

2. In theory, billing by the quantity of source text enables the customer to know in advance what he is going to pay. But in that case, why mention the number of words at all? The translator can, after reviewing the text and estimating the time and effort involved, offer an all-inclusive price which takes into account not only the volume and the language pair, but also the level of difficulty of the text. Not mentioning the number of words would help to dispel the myth that x amount of words automatically equals y amount of effort, and banish the silly conclusions which follow from this assumption, such as that "she ate 4 apples" somehow involves less effort to translate than "she ate four apples".

3. The suggestion that charging by source volume prevents translators from being verbose in order to bump up the price is, frankly, an insult to the profession, and the fact that it does not prompt an outcry here confirms my view that this venue cannot be described as a professional site. My electrician, plumber and solicitor all charge by the hour, but I cannot imagine anyone suggesting, at an online venue for electricians, plumbers or solicitors, that charging by the hour allows them to work more slowly in order to earn more, and that they should therefore charge by the number of hand movements instead. Customers must be able to trust their translators, and it's a sorry state of affairs if they can't even have that much confidence in them.

4. Tim has explained the issue of expansion between different languages very eloquently. In fact, I think Tim is at an advantage in translating from Turkish, since the agglutinative structure of Turkish makes an expansion in the word count of 70% easier to explain. Technical German to English can easily result in an expansion of 20%, but that relatively low figure and the linguistic closeness of the two languages makes it much harder to explain to a customer why the per-word price should be in the order of 20% higher than for the opposite direction. Although I agree with Tim that character-based counts reduce this discrepancy considerably (and almost all my work is billed by the target character), it could equally be argued that the blatant flaws in the per-word system actually make it easier to explain, to customers and colleagues, the inherent flaws of a volume-based system, and to establish more case-specific pricing strategies.

Marc

I agree entirely with all these points.
As I said above, I much prefer to be presented with the text to be translated and quote a price for the whole project.


 
Samuel Murray
Samuel Murray  Identity Verified
Nizozemsko
Local time: 14:36
Člen (2006)
angličtina -> afrikánština
+ ...
I agree with Marc Nov 4, 2007

Marc P wrote:
1. The whole notion of selling translation by weight is flawed. The effort required to translate ten words can vary hugely depending upon a number of factors, of which the relative expansion between a given language pair is only one.


I agree.

Ideally, translations should be sold based on two things:

* the amount of effort required for the translation
* the market demand for that type of translation, and the monetary value of the translation for the client

We don't live in an ideal world, however, and translations are often sold based on other things, which is usually influenced by one thing: the type of client.

Amount of effort

The amount of effort is closely related to the amount of time to do the translation, although it is possible to do something that requires little "effort" even though it takes a long time to do.

Translators often attempt to quantify effort by assigning values to different fields of study (for some, rocket science takes more effort than brain surgery), different genres (for some, technical translation takes more effort than literary translation) or even type of text (for some, promotional text takes more effort than educatonal text).

There is one problem with taking "amount of effort" as a guideline, namely the fact that highly skilled translators may require less effort for the same translation. This problem can be overcome by either (a) regarding the acquisition of skill as part of the effort, or by (b) recalibrating the required effort to that of the average translator, when determining price.

Market demand

When a certain type of translation is in high demand, clients are likely to accept a higher rate, as with all things that are in demand. The converse is also true -- if there is little demand for a certain translation, a translator may have to accept that a client would be unwilling to pay a premium.

Monetary value

If the translation has little value that will directly result in further income for the client, he may be unwilling to pay a high price for it. Conversely, if the translation is an essential part of a profit-making scheme, the client may be willing to pay much more for it. This is also why translation for business clients generally tolerate higher prices than translation for private, non-commercial clients.

The type of client

Many translators work for translation agencies, in which the pricing structure is determined by the agency, or is at least influenced by the specific pricing demands of the agency's type of business. The agent is a reseller, in a sense. Therefore he needs a simple method of determining the translator's rate in advance. The easiest (probably most practical) method is to calculate the price of a translation based on the amount of text.

To sell per weight

In many cases, if you sell to agencies, you sell per weight. This is likely to cause you grief if you sell mostly to generalist agencies who require a wide variety of translation types.

If the agency deals only in, say, rocket science texts, it may be easier to set a word rate than if the agency deals in any type of text imagineable.

Selling by weight needn't be a problem, therefore, if you sell to agencies that focus on very specific types of text.


 
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