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English to Serbian - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 EUR per word / 22 - 28 EUR per hour Serbian to English - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 EUR per word / 22 - 28 EUR per hour English to Bosnian - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 EUR per word / 22 - 28 EUR per hour Bosnian to English - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 EUR per word / 22 - 28 EUR per hour English to Serbo-Croat - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 EUR per word / 22 - 28 EUR per hour
Serbo-Croat to English - Rates: 0.06 - 0.08 EUR per word / 22 - 28 EUR per hour
English to Serbian: Soil pollution General field: Science Detailed field: Environment & Ecology
Source text - English Zagađenje zemljišta u zoni uticaja postrojenja. Kod zemljišta kao osnovnog prirodnog elementa, posebno treba istaći da zemljište kao složeni ekološki sistem reaguje na vrlo male promjene, a time dolazi i do degradacije njegovih osnovnih karakteristika. Posebna činjenica nam nameće obavezu da se za svaki konkretan slučaj istraži veliki broj mogućih uticaja, koji se mogu sistematizovati u dvije osnovne grupe: zagađenja zemljišta i degradacija zemljišta. Problematika zauzimanja površina neophodnih za izgradnju ovakvih postrojenja, jedan je od parametra mjerodavnih za definisanje odnosa izgradnje objekta i životne sredine. Izučavanje ove problematike postalo je aktuelno onog trenutka kada se napokon shvatilo da površine koje zauzimaju postrojenja ovakve namjene, uključujući i površinske kopove predstavljaju izgubljeni resurs i da se teško mogu vratiti svojoj prethodnoj namjeni. Zaposjedanje prostora ima više ekoloških aspekata, između ostalih i uništavanje ili značajno oštećenje zatečenih, ali i drugih, s njima povezanih ekosistema i gubitak zemljišta za druge privredne namjene (u prvom redu zemljoradnju). Zagađenja zemljišta se dešavaju uslijed "prosušivanja" šljake na zemljištu pored postrojenja za obradu otpadnih voda. Šljaka se vadi iz prvog recirkulacionog bazena otpadne vode sa "kracera" – odšljakivača, prosušuje pored postrojenja, sakuplja bagerom i odvozi na deponiju šljake i pepela. Rezervoari mazuta imaju izgrađene tankvane, bazene, za prihvat cijelokupne količine uskladištenog mazuta u slučaju procurivanja mazuta iz rezervoara, što je skladu sa osnovnim principima zaštite životne sredine. Svi trafoi razvodnog postrojenja su postavljeni na otvoreni prostor na armirano betonske temelje. Za slučaj izlijevanja transformatorskog ulja iz nekog od transformatora projektovan je spremnik za sakupljanje takvog ulja.
Za predmetni obuhvat postrojenja, kao i za okolno područje urađena je karta nagiba terena na osnovu digitalnog modeliranja terena što je značajan parametar za izradu karte boniteta zemljišta. Zemljišta na ovom prostoru, sa aspekta nagiba, spadaju u zemljišta sa malim do srednje strmim nagibima. Zemljišta sa ravnim i blagim nagibima nalaze se u dolinama rijeka, na manjim lokalitetima i to su uglavnom zemljišta boljih bonitetnih kategorija. To su aluvijalna zemljišta - fluvisoli koja su ujedno i najbolja sa aspekta proizvodne sposobnosti odnosno boniteta ukoliko nisu podložna plavljenju. Zemljišta koja se nalaze na većim nagibima su nižih bonitetnih kategorija, od III – VI čime su upravo i uslovljena za biljnu poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. Na osnovu analize zemljišta, dobijene pH - vrijednosti u KCl površinskog horizonta ukazuju da predio pripada kiselom zemljištu (pH u KCl 3,80) tako da je ovo zemljište vrlo osjetljivo sa naprijed navedenim parametrima. U predmetnom području, moguće su promjene kvaliteta zemljišta zbog pojava koje se dešavaju u zemljištu (zakiseljavanje, imobilizacija nekih hranjivih sastojaka, toksičnost slobodnih jona i dr.) čime se umanjuje proizvodna sposobnost zemljišta. Zemljište koje preovladava u posmatranom području je Distrični kambisol. To su kisela i jako kisela zemljišta koja sa aspekta boniteta spadaju u zemljišta visokih proizvodnih mogućnosti sa nagibom kao bonitetnim ograničenjem. Inače, ovo su zemljišta koja imaju raspon bonitetnih kategorija od III – VI sa širokom mogućnošću izbora kultura iako je, obično nagib terena ograničavajući faktor za primjenu mehanizacije. Na ovom području to su zemljišta izdignutog dijela reljefa. Uopšteno, na njima se sa uspjehom može razviti stočarska i biljna proizvodnja standardnog kvaliteta uz prethodnu pravilnu primjenu agromeliorativnih i agrotehničkih mjera. U poljoprivredi se koriste uglavnom kao livade, pašnjaci, manje za oranice (krompir, raž, ječam, zob, krmno bilje). Inače su to šumska tla. Mjere popravke za ova zemljišta su: kalcifikacija, humizacija, gnojidba sa NPK, zaštita od erozije.
Translation - Serbian Soil pollution in the impact zone of the facility. In soil as a basic natural element, it should be noted that soil as a complex ecological system responds to very small changes and in that a degradation of its main characteristics occurs. A special fact imposes an obligation to investigate a number of possible impacts for each individual case, which can be classified into two main groups: soil pollution and soil degradation. The issue of claiming the necessary area for the construction of such facilities is one of the parameters relevant for defining the relationship between construction of the facility and the environment. The study of this issue has become topical at the moment when it was finally realized that the area occupied by facilities with such purposes, including open pit mining, represent a lost resource and that they are difficult to return to its previous use. Occupation of land has more environmental aspects, including the destruction or substantial damage to the existing, and also other ecosystems connected to them, and the loss of land for other economic purposes (primarily agriculture). Soil pollution occurs due to "drying" of slurry on the ground next to the waste water treatment plant. Slurry is removed from the first recirculating waste water pool with the scraper – deslurrier, dried next to the facility, collected with an excavator and transported to the cinder and slurry dump site. Mazut reservoirs have bundwalls, pools for reception of the entire amount of stored mazut in case of mazut leakage from the reservoir, which is consistent with the basic principles of environmental protection. All transformers of the substation were placed in open space on reinforced concrete foundations. In the case of transformer oil spilling from one of the transformers a tank has been designed for the collection of such oil.
For the area planned for the facility, as well as for the surrounding area, a map of terrain inclination was made, based on digital terrain modeling which is an important parameter for the mapping of soil quality. Terrain in this area, in terms of inclination, falls into the category of small to medium steep inclinations. Terrain with flat or slight inclination can be found in river valleys, in small site and those are mainly types of terrain with better quality categories. These are alluvial soils - fluvisols which are also the best in terms of production capacity or quality unless they are subject to flooding. Terrain which has steeper inclinations has lower quality categories, III - VI, which is precisely why they are conditioned for agricultural production. Based on soil analysis, found pH values in KCl surface horizon indicate that this area belongs to the acidic soil type (pH in KCl 3.80) so this land is very sensitive to the above mentioned parameters. In the area in question, changes in soil quality are possible due to the phenomena that occur in the soil (acidification, immobilization of some nutrients, toxicity of free ions, etc.), thus reducing the productive capacity of the soil. The type of soil, which is prevalent in the studied area, is Dystric cambisol. These are acidic and very acidic types of soil, which in terms of soil quality have a high production capability with inclination as a quality restricting element. Typically, these are types of soil which have a range of quality categories III - VI with wide a choice of crops, although terrain inclination is usually the limiting factor for the application of mechanization. In this area it is the soil which is in the raised portion of the landscape. Generally, livestock rearing and crop production can successfully be achieved with standard quality by using proper agro melioration and agricultural measures. In agriculture they are mainly used as meadows, pastures and less as arable land (potatoes, rye, barley, oats and fodder). Otherwise they are forest types of soil. Actions to improve these types of soil are: calcification, humisation, NPK fertilization, protection from erosion.
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Bachelor's degree - Faculty of Philosophy, University of Banja Luka
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Years of experience: 16. Registered at ProZ.com: Feb 2014.
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